The aim of this book is to provide the reader with an understanding of the analysis and design aspects of water distribution system. For a water supply system, the true value or the net benefit is a reliable water supply service having adequate quantity and good quality of the product. Significance of water distribution networks in water supply. Arid zone journal of engineering, technology and environment, june, 2017. Analysis and design of water distribution network using.
Almasri 1 optimal design of water distribution networks mohammad n. It is crucial to provide drinking or potable water to the end users. The water supply network system should be capable of satisfying the water requirements and also should able to distribute water at an optimum pressure. Plumbing water distribution systems shall be designed based on the idea. Network analysis of water distribution system in rural areas. Water distribution classes and training programs a water distribution system is a part of water supply network with components that carry potable water from a. Introduction distribution networks are an essential part of all water supply systems. Hydraulic modeling of water supply network using epanet. House 2 introduction to urban water distribution total urban rural 0 20 40 60 80 100 global africa asia south and central america oceania europe north america percentage figure 1. Network analysis of water distribution system in rural. Water distribution systems convey water drawn from the water source or treatment facility, to. Water and water distribution networks in urban areas. Site water suppy and distribution systems sample drawings.
Water supply handbook a handbook on water supply planning and resource management institute for water resources water resources support center u. Based on the actual network data in y city, the average leakage rate is calculated as well as the fitness function between water supply and actual water supply, then the leakage coefficient of the. Even then, a vast population of the world is without safe piped water facilities. Introduction in 2010, about 85% of the global population 6. Index terms plant to the indiwater distribution, network analysis, epanet, population forecast, water demand, nodal demand. As with all other elements of emergency management, water supplies can be designed and maintained in ways that help to reduce the health impacts of disasters.
Duration of the training 15 to 30 hours generality about this course this course is the first part of the design of water supply system methodology. Generally, the distribution system of a small community water supply is designed to cater for the domestic and other household water requirements. This paper highlights only the effective design and distribution of network of pipes using epanet tool. Pdf design of a water supply distribution network using epanet. Why ensure a basic and common understanding of the necessary theory to design water supply system. Flow and pressure demands at any point of the system are determined by hydraulic network analysis of the supply, storage, pumping, and distribution system as a whole. The purpose of this design guideline is to establish uniform procedure for the design of water distribution networks in al ain region complying with the rsb requirements, adwea standards, aadc practices and the best engineering practice in water supply industry. Many department of health doh employees provided valuable insights and suggestions to this publication.
Field studies, modeling and management a reference guide for utilities u. Analysis of network characteristics and operating practices step 2. As a civil engineer, he has twentyfive years of industry, research, and teaching experience in urban water systems and has had articles on urban water systems design published in. Maiduguri water supply scheme designed by its consultants in 1983 has divided the town into five water supply distribution zones. On the other hand, the mere provision of water and sanitation infrastructure will not, in itself, improve health. Hofbauer policy and special studies division december 1998 revised iwr.
A looped network usually has a skeleton of secondary mains that can also be in a form of branch, one loop ring, or a number of loops. Water losses in the distribution system 2 3 step 1. Pressuredriven analysis pda of water distribution networks. Traditionally, in pipe optimization, the objective function is always focused on the cost criteria of network components. Pdf analysis of water supply distribution network in. Design of water supply pipe networks wiley online books. In particular, we are proud to recognize the members of the group at the office of drinking water who worked over many months to revise this edition of the design manual. Use appropriate tools and mechanisms to suggest appropriate solutions understanding and managing losses in water distribution networks 4 components of water loss water loss physical loss real loss commercial loss. Introduction to operation and maintenance of water. As with all other elements of emergency management, water supplies can be designed and maintained in ways that. Activities planning and work scheduling of a water supply. The two main mechanisms for water quality deterioration are interactions between the pipe wall and the water, and reactions within the bulk water itself. The design of water transport and distribution systems ocw ihe delft. The yield of a system can be measured by either its value or its net benefit.
Operation and maintenance of water distribution systems in south africa. Water distribution systems are designed to adequately satisfy the water requirements for a combinations of the following demands. The primary objective of this study is optimization of a water distribution network by ga. Potable water distribution network application needs and challenges the purpose of a water distribution network is to supply the users with water demanded and to supply this water with adequate pressure under various loading conditions. Introduction to water supply systems ced engineering. Mar 21, 2014 the longest structure is actually 57 miles long because of the meandering path designed to maintain a constant stream of water. Effects of water age on distribution system water quality 1. Obviously the manual calculation is very time consuming even with only a fewloop. The performance of the proposed approach is tested on an existing network. Chapter 9 water supply the importance of hygiene promotion in water supply and sanitation introduction the principal purpose of programmes to improve water supply and sanitation is to improve health. The residual head at each and every node was found out by. The system should be capable of meeting the demands at all times and at satisfactory pressure 4 water distribution system.
This activity is entirely dependent on other prior activities for data support and model development. Design of potable water plumbing systems this course is divided into four parts. The general principles of water distribution system design have been covered to highlight the cost aspects and the parameters required for design of a. Urban water supply water is a precious natural resource and one of the most essential requirement of all living beings. Samples of site water supply and distribution systems the cad details on this page are just some of the cad details available in this categorylibrary. Dams, impounding reservoirs, intake structures, pumping stations, wells and all other construction required for the development of a water supply source. The reliability of supply is much greater in the case of looped networks. Water supply, distribution, looped networks, optimal design, linear optimization model. Pdf design of a water supply distribution network using. The gis applications that are covered include, dev. Extraction devices, rainwater harvesting, rural water supply, water intake structures, water treatment, water distribution system contents 1.
Sharma is an urban water system designer at csiro australia, where he conducts research on design aspects of water, wastewater, and stormwater systems. Chapter 8 water distribution systems distribution system is a network of pipelines that distribute water to the consumers. A good distribution system should satisfy the followings. Water is supplied to townships, cities, and municipalities from open water sources like rivers, lakes, etc. Ga operations are realized on a special program developed by the author called realpipe. A municipal water supply system is subjected to a number of different loading conditions. Water demand and water distribution system design robert pitt university of alabamauniversity of alabama distribution of per capita water demand chin 2000 table 3. Pdf this report presents the use of arcgis and epanet to analyze simulate and design water distribution pipe network.
The estimated water consumption of the areas contained within the links is distributed to the appropriate nodes network model overlaid on aerial photograph. This treated water is supplied though pipes which can be. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. The paper approaches the optimization of water distribution networks supplied from one or more node sources, according to demand variation. Effects of water age on distribution system water quality. Water supply system, infrastructure for the collection, transmission, treatment, storage, and distribution of water for homes, commercial establishments, industry, and irrigation, as well as for such public needs as firefighting and street flushing. Every municipal water system has to have a water supply source that is both adequate and reliable for the. Nearly 80% to 85% of the cost of a total water supply system is contributed toward water transmission and the water distribution network. Distribution of water supply after getting water from its source to a city, a water supply distribution system is necessary to provide ondemand water access to residents.
Zone 3 is one of three remaining zones in the city without a distribution network supplied from the maiduguri water. Environmental protection agency office of research and development national risk management research laboratory water supply and w ater. The distribution system can then be considered to consist of a network of nodes corresponding to points of concentrated flow withdrawal and links pipes connecting the nodes. Environmental protection agency office of research and development national risk management research laboratory water supply and w ater resources division cincinnati, ohio. Operation and maintenance of water distribution systems pseau. The general features of the area like information about the main water source, population of the area, demand of water, requirement of the pumps, distribution network and water. The primary water source of water for washington, dc, is the potomac river. Water distribution system design satisfying all constraints including pipe diameter and nodal pressure is performed. History of water supply and distribution angel water. Introduction to pumping stations for water supply systems. Stock watering and garden plot irrigation water may also be provided. A water supply network or water supply system is a system of engineered hydrologic and hydraulic components which provide water supply. The secondary mains are connected to one or more loops or rings.
A drainage basin see water purification sources of drinking water a raw water collection point above or below ground where the water accumulates, such as a lake, a river, or groundwater. M4a water distribution system design university of alabama. Regions with the highest growth rate are not having access to water both in terms of quantity and quality. This is a must for engineers, professors and water utility messengers involved in the security of water supply system. Under given situations such as pipeline maintenance, nonrevenue water, advanced metering infrastructure, the ultimate goal of this paper is to ensure water distribution system challenges are overcome and supply water sources to users reliably in a more sustainable and timely manner as a longterm plan. Introduction water distribution system is hydraulic frameworks consisting of aspect such as are pipes, tanks reservoirs pumps and valves etc. This is the fourth edition of the water system design manual. A water distribution system is a part of water supply network with components that carry potable water from a centralized treatment plant or wells to water consumers in order to adequately deliver water to satisfy residential, commercial, industrial and fire fighting requirements.
A large amount of money is invested around the world to provide or upgrade piped water supply facilities. They are designed to adequately satisfy the water requirement for a combination of o domestic o commercial o industrial o fire fighting purposes. Realpipe optimizes given water network distribution systems by. Army corps of engineers 7701 telegraph road alexandria, virginia 223153868 prepared by theodore m. Service reservoirs accumulate and store water during the night so that it can be supplied during the daytime hours of high water. The water supply distribution system is generally designed as a huge network which has a start point called as the main source. There are basically two main layouts of a distribution network. Several analyses should be made to investigate alternative piping arrangements within the distribution system.
Practical design of water distribution systems jeffrey a. Analysis of water distribution network under pressuredeficient. To analyse the existing water distribution system using epanet and to suggest some measures if present network does not fulfil the present and future demand. The hydraulics notions useful to design water supply system. Water supply simulation of water distribution networks the use of epanetthe use of epanet mohammad n. Water distribution system is a hydraulic infrastructure cosisting of elements such as pipes, tanks reservoirs n pumps and valves etc. Of all municipal services, provision of potable water is perhaps the most vital. Water distribution system design has attracted many researchers due to the enormous cost. All of the model plumbing codes require water supply systems to be designed to deliver a specified flow rate gallons per minute within certain pressure. Choosing to commission a water distribution system means a huge investment. Pdf network analysis of water distribution system in rural areas. From there, the water is conveyed towards the distribution pipes and further to the consumers. The case study is for elmostakbal city network, an extension to an existing distribution network of ismailia city, egypt. The pipeline extending from the supply source to the treatment.